A syllable is a unit of pronunciation, so a word can have more or less syllables depending on how the person in question pronounces it. Most words have a standard agreed upon pronunciation, so the amount of syllables can be pretty well measured and documented. This is not always the case though as often different dialects/regions/people pronounce words differently.
Simply put, if you pronounce nepotism “Nep-oh-tis-uhm” there are 4 syllables. If you pronounce it “Nep-oh-tizm” there are 3 syllables.
There is a small ‘eum’ sound that exists when you press your lips together to make an M sound while saying s. To prove that to you I would have you record yourself saying the word nepotism and slow the recording way the fuck down until you can hear the vowel clearly.
My guess is that this is more of a regional thing based on how we are taught what is and isn’t a syllable, and that the accepted rule (what the dictionaries agree on) is that this small vowel sound doesn’t warrant being counted as an extra syllable.
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