I’m not a mathematician. But I do know that triangles are the simplest shape (there’s no shape that has only two lines). Thus we can gather a lot about the ratios of lengths and angles and how they relate to one another from these very basic shapes.
These ratios also can form waves when plotted out on a graph. So we can use trigonometry to describe other things with waves, like sound waves and electromagnetic phenomena. Basic algebra functions give us lines and curves, but they don’t give us waves.
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