The main reason is that “the common cold” is not a specific virus it’s a series of symptoms.
It’s a bunch of things your body does when being infected by some pathogens.
It’s a bit like saying “why aren’t we immune to fever or diarrhea”.
We know of more than 200 virus than cause common cold, so even if you catch 2 colds per year and get lifelong immunity, you can still get new ones all your life.
In addition every year we add 1-2% of fresh humans (babies). This provides a pool without immunity at all where this viruses can survive even if a lot of adults are immune.
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