Their vocal cords are different, and produce a unique “formant” and “timbre” – essentially a different set of overtones that change the tone of the sound.
It’s the same reason a violin playing the same pitch, in the same octave, as a flute, won’t be mistaken for a flute. They have different timbres.
There’s a further difference when you consider someone talking with their head voice or their chest voice, which changes how breathy their voice sounds and therefore changes the overtone series too.
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