I saw [this](https://np.reddit.com/r/dataisbeautiful/comments/eu5p50/correlation_between_resting_heart_rate_rhr_and/) post and got curious.
In: Biology
The body gets more efficient at pumping blood around the body and circulating oxygen and removing carbon dioxide so when not under the stress of exercise the body and especially the heart needs fewer beats to achieve earlier what it did with more beats.
If equations help:
cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate
Changes in cardiac structure from training give you a higher stroke volume. At rest, your required cardiac output is the same as before you began training so your heart rate lowers.
The heart gets stronger, like every muscle. Which means it can pump more blood volume with each pump and so it has to do less pumps to move around all the blood.
A little analogy:
Take a bucket of water. You want to empty that bucket. Take a cup and start taking water out. You need a whole day till the bucket is empty. Mow you fill it again and take cup twice as big to take water out. Now you need half the time. If you still want to fill a whole day with work, you will have to work slowlier.
That is what the heart does. It pumps slower because it is now more efficient with each pump.
Hope it helps.
Your resting heart rate is affected by your physical fitness. While a normal resting heart rate ranges between 60 and 100 BPM, people in training for sports often have heart rates in the 40s. It’s a measure of how well-trained they are, because then when they engage in their sports their heart rate doesn’t go excessively high.
Something else not mentioned here is that when you exercise regularly, your body will make extra red blood cells. These are essentially what carry oxygen in your blood. This means that the same amount of blood will hold more oxygen. So, when you are resting, it takes less blood than before to give your body the same amount of oxygen, so your heart can beat slower.
Because your heart is a essentially a muscle and the more you use it the stronger and more efficient it gets.
Your body requires a certain amount of blood flow to survive let’s say for example you dont exercise so your heart only pumps 1000 gallons of blood to keep you alive in a day. Now if you start exerciseing your body will need more blood flow to move all your muscles so now your heart needs to pump 2000 gallons a day to help you with all that exercise. That’s a huge difference there are two ways your heart can pump more blood one is to pump faster, the second is to pump more blood per pump. Pumping faster is good but that faster your heart pumps the less time your heart has to fill all the way up with blood. Now slowing your heart rate allows for your heart to fill all the way up with blood before each pump meaning your pumping more blood per beat. This is called your stroke volume. Think of it like using a turkey baster to empty a bucket of water. If you pump the turkey baster really fast you only fill up a little bit of water and it will take forever to empty the bucket. But if you pump slower and allow the Turkey baster to fill up all the way before you squeeze it out you will empty the bucket much faster.
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