Short answer: your eye receives the light to the retina (the back of the eye), which is “burned” by the light, so the image will show if you directly look at a blank slate, like a white wall.
Same process if you look at a bright light source (like a lightbulb) directly, even if you move your eyes afterwards, you’re gonna see the “white” spot in your field of view no matter what for a few seconds.
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