Attackers who’re sieging a castle are vulnerable to attack themselves. If you’re sieging a castle and you can’t storm it or starve out the defenders then some force might arrive to lift the siege before it’s successful. There are loads of examples of this from history e.g. The Siege Of Orleans during the Hundred Years War.
When Julius Caesar was attacking a fortress in Gaul, he knew that a much larger force was coming to attack him and if he was caught between the fortress and the attackers, he’d be defeated, so he actually built a bigger fortress around the smaller fortress and fought off the attackers while still sieging the original fortress. The Romans didn’t get out-Civil Engineered by anyone.
If you’re holed up in a castle and nobody is coming to help you, and your attackers have time, then you’re pretty screwed.
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