You store the energy as fat in your body, and there is sugar in your blood. The energy is literally carbon bonds, your body reacts with O2 and gives out CO2 from your breath (so basically you breath out the food you eat and use for energy). It’s the same type of stuff of when you burn gasoline or wood (those are also from carbon bonds) but different (like gasoline is poisonous to humans).
Sleep doesn’t give you literal energy to do work, just like resting doesn’t, we don’t know why or how it is needed. We do know that people start functioning worse with less sleep though.
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