From what I know, most people learn new languages by ‘mapping’ them to their native language; this means that they basically learn how to quickly translate words and patterns from their native language to a foreign language, and the other way around.
Polyglots, on the other hand, don’t really use a mapping from language to language. Instead, they learn the rules – and not just common patterns – and words, and map those to (linguistic) concepts. In effect this means that they don’t have to do any mental translation exercises; instead they can simply switch ‘modes’ depending on the language they want to use.
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