Stargate gave a good answer already, but I’ll add an experiment you can do in the gym:
Go to a pull up bar (assisted pull up machine if you need it). Grab the bar and hang loose. Look up at the bar, and then just squeeze your shoulder blades together. You’ll notice that you not only lift up a bit, but the rest of the pull up will feel a bit easier. “Activate” the back and “pull” with the shoulders and back muscles, and this will take a lot of the strain off the bicep and distribute it to more and larger muscles.
I think at least… I’m no expert, but this is just how it feels when I do pull ups this way.
The lats attach to the upper arm, near the shoulders. They actually make up the “back” of your armpit, if you raise your arm, the pecs in your chest create the front “hill” and the lats / other muscles the “back” hill, with the pit inbetween.
So yeah, they attach to the upper arm and exist to move your arms downward.
You can google “Latissimus Dorsi” and you will find pictures showing the location
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