eli5: what does (de-)fragmentation even mean?

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After reading another post about why defragmentation isn’t as necessary with modern devices, i started wondering what exactly fragmentation even is. How and why does it happen and doesn’t it screw up your data?

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Imagine you have a book (Your hard drive) it has a story but the data is spread out. Some words on page 1, a few more on page 2, a bunch on page 3 and so on. This is done by the computer to fill up any available space. Defrag essentially takes all the words and moves them to page 1…this makes it faster to read and therefore more efficient.

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