Morse code is literally sending out each individual letter, often at high speed. Certain messages are a specific set of letters with a designated meaning.
For example when the Titanic sank, the common Morse signal was in fact the letters CQD.
Added to this, messages are often short and continuously repeated, so if you did miss the beginning you can catch it again later.
Also if someone sends you a message with letters missing, you can often work out what the message means.
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