Generally, small pieces of metal that bends to the weight of an object on top, called load cells, are inside.
This load cells have small “bending sensors” stick to their sides, those are called “strain gauges”
A special “amplifier” chip is commonly used to read the signal of an arrangement of those sensors and give a value to those tiny amounts of deformation of the load cell.
Then a small “computer” chip can make a relation between the deformation and the corresponding weight, even taking many measurements, and finally display the information on a screen
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