No, they dont guess. Their mass is determined by their gravity, which is determined by how they affect over objects. This gives them indications on density. Spectrometry will give them the atmospheric makeup and density and math solves the rest.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/astronomy/chapter/composition-and-structure-of-planets/
Guessing. Lol, just feaking lol. Ignore everything that guy wrote.
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