Your epidermis (the most outside/superficial portion of your skin) is made up of 4-5 layers of skin. You have specific cells (keratinocytes) which work their way up from the deepest layer (stratum basale) to the most superficial (stratum corneum). As they work upwards, they produce keratin, which is a hard substance that protects your whole body from bacteria and scrapes. By the time these cells hit the stratum corneum, the keratinocytes are dead and filled with keratin.
It’s these dead cells/keratin that flakes off.
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