One major outstanding problem in surgical augmentation is transdermal-anything.
Skin is quite good at being skin. It keeps the outside out, and the inside in. In the specific points where “inside” and “outside” need to meet, there are fairly complex systems in place for making that happen. The “minimal” version of that is something like hair or nails; a more complex example would be “your nose”.
We don’t have a good artificial way of making something that goes through the skin, and doesn’t have a significant infection risk associated with it.
Hairplugs are old school. Current technology is almost the same but does transplants hair by hair. The original hair is normally cut from the back of the head then chopped into “follicular units” of one to four individual hairs and plugged into the bald spots. It grows normally. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hair_transplantation
There was at one point a snap-on toupee. Buttons like the ones on children’s winter coats would be surgically anchored into the skull and the wig would be clipped into those.
But the inventor and designer of the product, Anthony Pignataro, an American plastic surgeon, lost his medical license and then went to prison for attempted murder by poisoning his wife and daughter. So the invention sunk in the water.
Bones are attached to other bones, plastics are essentially stapled into a pocket
Where would you attach hair? and even if you could how would you make it look realistic, when making it thick or metal enough to be strong would make it look unnatural, and making it thin enough to look realistic would result in it getting damaged and needing extra surgeries to replace it. Good hair looks the way it does because it’s thin enough to style and constantly being replaced when it gets damaged
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