Think of bandwidth on the internet as a hose.
Each hop (connection between two points on the internet) is connected by a hose, but each hose has a different width. The band**width** is how wide the hose is. The wider the hose, the more data you can push through it per second.
Your connection to a server will only run as fast as the smallest pipe along the route. So if the slowest part of the path is 10mb/s, the fastest connection you can make to that server will be 10mb/s.
While your measured or advertised internet speed is just the speed of the hose from your house to the ISP.
Websites also often throttle individual connections, preventing a single user from using up more than 10mb/s or similar. They do this so a single person can’t eat up all the bandwidth of the site to download a file, you have to share with everyone else
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