The earth is rotating on an axle. That axle is not perpendicular to our trajectory around the sun. As a result, as we slowly travel around the sun over a year, different part of the earth get hit by the rays of the sun at different angles. At places and times where the sun end up not going much perpendicular, a lot of the ray of light bounce against our atmosphere. A bit like if you put a torchlight straight above a glass pane, most of the light goes through, but if you are at an angle, a lot of the light bounce off of it.
And since most of our heat come from the ray sun, it get colder where the sun shine less.
Latest Answers