It’s most likely any territory. The do have an internal clock. But roosters will crow at all times of the day. Even in regions to seeing headlights at night or hearing a car horn. So some of it is human bias where we just think it is always in the morning. There have been some studies on this to showing the alpha roosters will crow the loudest.
But in the end it comes down to evolution and these behaviors has some tendency to help perpetuate breeding. Our it was a behavior that was linked to another behavior that promoted more offspring.
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