You are spinning along with the Earth. The atmosphere is also spinning along with the Earth.
When you jump there is absolutely nothing to slow you down. You keep the momentum. First newton’s law.
Analogy would be a bus. If you have a bus going straight at a constant speed then it’s a stable system. You can jump, you can throw a ball up and it would land back in your hand.
But if the bus was accelerating or turning (that is also acceleration in different axis from physics point of you) then you would notice a shift.
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